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• Basic APA Citation
• APA Citation for Journal Article with DOI
• APA Citation for Journal Article without DOI

Basic APA Citation

The following shows formatting for a basic APA citation that could include books, articles, and/or electronic sources.

Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title with only the first word capitalized: Except after a colon. City: Publisher.

Example

Greenstein, F. (1994). The hidden-hand presidency: Eisenhower as leader.
Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Explanation

All citations are formatted with hanging indent.

Author(s)

• Last name first, followed by author initials and a period.
• For multiple authors, use commas to separate authors and the ampersand instead of “and.”

Publication Date

• (Year). – Publication date in parenthesis with period outside the parenthesis.
• (n.d.). – If no publication date is available use (n.d.) with period outside the parenthesis.

Title of Resource

• Italicize the title with only the first word capitalized: Except after a colon.
• End title with a period.
• The same rules apply to titles of books, articles, electronic resources.

City Where Reference was Published

• Include city where published followed by a colon.
• You can include the state if the city is obscure.

Publisher

• Include the publisher followed by a period.

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APA Citation for Journal Article with DOI

The following example shows a journal article with a DOI. The digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. (What is a digital object identifier, or DOI?

Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title with only the first word capitalized: Except after a colon. Journal, Vol, Pages. doi:

Example

Landau, J. & Keeley-Jonker, B. (2018). Conductor of feelings: An affective-emotional rhetorical analysis of Obanma’s national eulogy in Tucson. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 104. 166-188. doi: 10.1080/00335630.2018.1447138

Explanation

All citations are formatted with hanging indent.

Author(s)

• Last name first, followed by author initials and a period.
• For multiple authors, use commas to separate authors and the ampersand instead of “and.”

Publication Date

• (Year). – Publication date in parenthesis with period outside the parenthesis.
• (n.d.). – If no publication date is available use (n.d.) with period outside the parenthesis.

Title of Resource

• Italicize the title with only the first word capitalized: Except after a colon.
• End title with a period.
• The same rules apply to titles of books, articles, electronic resources.

Journal

• Italicize Journal title.
• Capitalize major words.

Volume

• Italicize volume

Pages

• Provide starting and ending pages.
• End with period.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

• When DOIs are available, you should include them for both print and electronic sources.
• Copy DOI number from article retrieval source.

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APA Citation for Journal Article without DOI

The following example shows a journal article with a DOI. The digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. (What is a digital object identifier, or DOI?

Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title with only the first word capitalized: Except after a colon. Journal, Vol, Pages. Retrieved from

Example

Medhurst, M.J. (2000). Text and context in the 1952 presidential campaign: Eisenhower’s “I shall go to Korea” speech. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 30. 464-483. Retrieved from http://www.thepresidency.org/psq

Explanation

All citations are formatted with hanging indent.

Author(s)

• Last name first, followed by author initials and a period.
• For multiple authors, use commas to separate authors and the ampersand instead of “and.”

Publication Date

• (Year). – Publication date in parenthesis with period outside the parenthesis.
• (n.d.). – If no publication date is available use (n.d.) with period outside the parenthesis.

Title of Resource

• Italicize the title with only the first word capitalized: Except after a colon.
• End title with a period.
• The same rules apply to titles of books, articles, electronic resources.

Journal

• Italicize Journal title.
• Capitalize major words.

Volume

• Italicize volume.

Pages

• Provide starting and ending pages.
• End with period.

Retrieved from

• When no DOI, Provide the website of the journal article.

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